Cognitive decline / cognitive changes

As we age, it is common to notice some changes in memory or thinking. For some people, these changes are mild. For others, they may be part of a condition such as Alzheimer’s disease or another form of dementia. Cognitive decline and dementia affect how the brain processes information and can impact communication, daily functioning, and independence.

Conditions We Support

• Alzheimer’s disease

• Other dementias (including vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and mixed dementias)

• Age-related cognitive decline

How Cognitive Decline and Dementia Can Affect Daily Life

Changes can happen gradually and may look different for each person. Common challenges include:

Cognition (Thinking Skills)

• Difficulty remembering recent events, names, or details

• Trouble organizing information or staying on task

• Slower thinking or problem-solving

• Difficulty planning or following steps to complete activities

Language and Communication

• Trouble finding the right words

• Difficulty understanding conversations

• Repeating questions or stories

• Challenges with reading or writing

Speech and Swallowing

• Reduced clarity of speech

• Changes in voice or speaking rate

• Difficulty chewing or swallowing safely, especially in later stages

These changes can be frustrating and may affect relationships, confidence, and participation in meaningful activities.

How Speech-Language Therapy Can Help

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) support individuals with cognitive decline and dementia by focusing on function, safety, connection, and quality of life. At Aubin Aphasia Speech & Language Center, therapy is individualized and evolves as needs change.

We can help by:

• Targeting attention, memory, and problem-solving skills through functional exercises

• Teaching communication strategies to support word-finding and understanding

• Supporting safe swallowing and mealtime strategies when needed

• Creating personalized tools such as memory aids, routines, and visual supports

• Training caregivers to adapt the environment and communication style

• Supporting meaningful engagement in daily and community activities

• Helping individuals maintain independence for as long as possible

Rather than focusing only on “fixing” deficits, we emphasize strengths, preserved abilities, and practical strategies that support everyday life.